Features
- Preference is to assess right internal jugular vein as it is in a direct line with the superior vena cava and therefore right atrium
- Right external jugular vein second best choice if internal not easily visible
- Hepatojugular Reflux
- Raising legs or abdominal compression increases venous return and pressure
- Facilitates analysis of JVP
- Firm, sustained pressure for 10-15 seconds over upper abdomen during quiet respiration
- Transiently rises JVP by 1-3cm in normal patients
- Right ventricular failure JVP elevation >3cm is sustained
- Diffuclt and commonly poorly performed test
- External jugular vein more easily assessed
Jugular venous distension
